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Chronic kidney disease may affect almost all parts of the body. Potential complications may include:

Fluid retention, which may lead to swelling in your arms and legs, high blood pressure, or fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema)
Sudden rise in potassium levels in the blood (hyperkalemia), which can weaken your heart's ability to work and may be life-threatening
Cardiovascular disease
Weak bones and increase the risk of bone fractures
Anemia
Low sex drive, or erectile dysfunction or low fertility
Damage to your central nervous system, which can cause difficulty concentrating, or personal changes or seizures
Low body immunity response, which make you more susceptible to exposure to infection
Inflammation of the peritoneum, is a membrane-like membrane inflammation that covers the heart (the pericardium)
Pregnancy complications that pose a risk to the mother and fetus that grows
The occurrence of irreparable damage to your kidney (kidney disease in its final stages), ultimately requires either dialysis or kidney transplant to survive

To reduce your risk of kidney disease:

Follow the instructions for over-the-counter medicines. When using non-medically prescribed pain relievers, such as aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Mutrin ib, etc.), acetaminophen (Tylenol, etc.), follow the instructions on the package. Excessive use of painkillers can lead to kidney damage, and should be avoided if you have renal disease. Ask your doctor if they are safe for you.
Maintain a healthy weight. If you are healthy, keep it healthy by staying physically active most days of the week. If you need weight loss, please talk to your doctor about strategies available for healthy weight loss. This often includes an increase in daily physical activity and calorie reduction.
Do not smoke. Cigarette smoke can damage your kidneys and increase the existing kidney damage. If you are a smoker, talk to your doctor about smoking cessation strategies. Support groups, medicines and counseling can help you quit.
Manage your medical conditions with the help of a doctor. If you have diseases or conditions that increase the risk of kidney disease, please cooperate with your doctor to control them. Ask your doctor about tests to look for signs of kidney damage.

To take the first step to diagnose kidney disease, your doctor will discuss with you your family history and personal history. Among other things, your doctor may ask questions about whether you have already been diagnosed with high blood pressure, if you take a drug that may affect your kidney function, if you notice changes in your urinary habits, and if a family member has a kidney disease.

After that, your doctor conducts a medical examination, also checks for signs of problems in your heart or blood vessels, and performs a neurological examination.

For diagnosis of kidney disease, you may also need to undergo some tests and procedures, such as:

Blood tests. College function tests reveal the percentage of waste products, such as creatinine and urea, in your blood.
Urine Tests. Analysis of a sample of urine may detect abnormalities that indicate chronic renal failure and help determine the cause of the infection.
Imaging tests. Your doctor can use ultrasound to evaluate the structure and size of your kidneys. Other imaging tests are used in some cases.
Remove a sample of kidney tissues for testing. Your doctor may ask for kidney biopsy to take a sample of kidney tissue. Liver biopsy is usually performed using a local anesthetic with a long, thin needle inserted through the skin to reach the kidneys. A biopsy sample is sent to a laboratory for testing to help determine the cause of a kidney problem.


Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

เวอร์ชั่นล่าสุดของChronic Kidney Disease (CKD)